among biggest computer-training models in world - no wonder stanford report reviews their impacts on such wide range of contexts
Contents 2 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Emergence and homogenization 3 1.2 Social impact and the foundation models ecosystem 7 1.3 The future of foundation models 9 1.4 Overview of this report 12 2 Capabilities 21 2.1 Language 22 2.2 Vision 28 2.3 Robotics 34 2.4 Reasoning and search 40 2.5 Interaction 44 2.6 Philosophy of understanding 48 3 Applications 53 3.1 Healthcare and biomedicine 54 3.2 Law 59 3.3 Education 67 4 Technology 73 4.1 Modeling 74 4.2 Training 81 4.3 Adaptation 85 4.4 Evaluation 91 4.5 Systems 97 4.6 Data 101 4.7 Security and privacy 105 4.8 Robustness to distribution shifts 109 4.9 AI safety and alignment 114 4.10 Theory 118 4.11 Interpretability 123 5 Society 129 5.1 Inequity and fairness 130 5.2 Misuse 136 5.3 Environment 140 5.4 Legality 146 5.5 Economics 149 5.6 Ethics of scale 152 6 Conclusion 161 Acknowledgments 161 References 161
